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| RAiO RA6963 Dot Matrix LCD Controller Specification Version 1.3 February 26, 2008 RAiO Technology Inc. (c)Copyright RAiO Technology Inc. 2007, 2008 RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 1/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller Update History Version 1.0 1.1 1.2 Date May 29, 2007 September 27, 2007 November 15, 2007 Formal Release Update Figure 9-4 Update < Table 8-2 > Max. fOSC to 18MHz. Update < Table 8-4 > Max. fSCP to 9MHz. Update the Chapter 5-4 "Misc Interface" - the description of pin "MDS" and MD[1:0]. Update the description of pin "X1" in Section 5-4. Update Figure 6-13, 6-14, 9-5 and 9-6. Description 1.3 February 26, 2008 RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 2/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller Chapter Contents Pages 1. Overview .........................................................................................................5 2. Features ..........................................................................................................5 3. Block Diagram................................................................................................5 4. Package ..........................................................................................................6 5. Pin Descriptions.............................................................................................6 5-1 MPU Interface ................................................................................................................6 5-2 LCD Driver Interface .....................................................................................................7 5-3 Memory Interface ..........................................................................................................7 5-4 Misc. Interface ...............................................................................................................8 6. Functions Description .................................................................................10 6-1 Functional Definition ..................................................................................................10 6-2 State After RESET/HALT ............................................................................................10 6-3 Row / Column and Oscillation Clock.........................................................................11 6-4 RAM Interface ..............................................................................................................12 6-5 Communications with MPU........................................................................................13 6-5-1 Status Read........................................................................................................................................ 13 6-5-2 Setting Data........................................................................................................................................ 15 6-5-3 Command Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 16 6-6 Setting Registers.........................................................................................................17 6-6-1 Set Cursor Pointer............................................................................................................................. 17 6-6-2 Set Offset Register ............................................................................................................................ 18 6-6-3 Set Address Pointer .......................................................................................................................... 19 6-7 Set Control Word.........................................................................................................20 6-7-1 Set Text Home Address .................................................................................................................... 20 6-7-2 Set Graphic Home Address.............................................................................................................. 21 6-7-3 Set Text Area...................................................................................................................................... 22 6-7-4 Set Graphic Area ............................................................................................................................... 23 6-8 Mode Set ......................................................................................................................24 6-9 Display Mode ...............................................................................................................25 6-10 Cursor Pattern Select ...............................................................................................26 6-11 Data Auto Read/Write ...............................................................................................26 6-12 Data Read/Write.........................................................................................................28 6-13 Screen Peek...............................................................................................................29 6-14 Screen Copy ..............................................................................................................30 6-15 Bit Set/Reset ..............................................................................................................31 6-16 Screen Reverse .........................................................................................................32 6-17 Blink Time ..................................................................................................................32 6-18 Cursor Auto Moving..................................................................................................33 RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 3/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-19 CGROM Font Select ..................................................................................................33 6-20 Character Font Map ..................................................................................................34 6-21 RA6963 vs. T6963C ...................................................................................................35 7. Package Dimensions ...................................................................................36 7-1 Die Form ......................................................................................................................36 7-2 Part Number: ...............................................................................................................36 7-3 XY Coordinate .............................................................................................................37 7-4 Outline Drawing ..........................................................................................................38 8. Specifications...............................................................................................39 8-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................................................39 8-2 MPU Interface Timing .................................................................................................40 8-3 Driver Interface Timing ...............................................................................................40 8-4 External Memory Interface .........................................................................................41 9. Application ...................................................................................................43 9-1 MPU Memory Address Mapping ................................................................................43 9-2 MPU I/O Addressing....................................................................................................44 9-3 Use PPI LSI ..................................................................................................................44 9-4 Application Block Diagram ........................................................................................45 9-5 Application Circuit(1)..................................................................................................46 9-6 Application Circuit(2)..................................................................................................46 RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 4/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 1. Overview The RA6963 is a dot matrix LCD Controller which fully compatible with T6963C. It supports various LCD Driver for standard or custom-made LCD module. The RA6963 built-in a 256-word CG(Character Generator) ROM that for ASCII, Japanese or numeric display in text mode. It also supports Graphics mode and mixed display with Text. The supported maximum external display RAM is 64Kbyte and the display Window can be moved freely within the allocated memory range. The RA6963 has an 8-bit parallel data bus that can be directly connected to an 8080 series MPU. The RA6963 supports a very broad range of LCD formats by allowing selection of different combinations via a set and combination text-and-graphic modes, and includes various attribute functions. 2. Features Support Display Range: Columns 32, 40, 64, 80 Rows 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 Support 8080 8-bit MPU Interface Built-in 256-word Font ROM: Basic ASCII JapaneseNumeric Support Max. 64Kbyte External Display SRAM Display Mode : CharacterGraphics and Mixed Mode Font Size : Horizontal 5, 6, 7, 8 Pixels Vertical 8 Pixels Support Bold Font and Reverse Display Support Various LCD Driver Support 1/16 ~1/128 Duty Built-in X'tal Oscillator or Using External Clock Power Supply Range: 3.0~5.5V Package: LQFP-67Pin (RoHS Compliance) 3. Block Diagram A[15:0], D[7:0], FONTSEL MCE, MRW MDS MD[3:0] 256-word CGROM Display RAM I/F System Configure FS[1:0] DUAL SDSEL Registers Block Cursor Controller Data Latch TEST[2:1] MCU I/F X'tal OSC Timing Generator SD[7:0], CE, RD, WE C/D, RST, HALT X1 X2 CDATA, LP, FR, HSCP, LSCP, ED, HOD, LOD < Figure 3-1 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 5/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 4. Package DUAL HSCP ED HOD CE1 CE0 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 LP CDATA FR CH1 CH2 DSPON VDD SDSEL GND TEST2 TEST1 X1 X2 55 54 50 45 40 35 33 32 30 RAiO 60 TM RA6963L2N A/B 07xxN 65 67 1 Date Code(Year 2007) 5 10 15 20 21 22 25 MCE MRW D7 D6 D5 VDD D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 RA6963L2NA : LQFP-67 Pin, RoHS Compliance Package, Font-01 (Refer to Chapter 6-20) RA6963L2NB : LQFP-67 Pin, RoHS Compliance Package, Font-02 (Refer to Chapter 6-20) 5. Pin Descriptions 5-1 MPU Interface < Table 5-1 > Pin Name SD[7..0] RD WR I/O I/O I I HALT RST MDS MD0 MD1 MD2 MD3 FS0 FS1 SD0 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 SD5 SD6 SD7 WR RD CE C/D < Figure 4-1 > Description Data Bus This is bus for data transfer between MPU and RA6963. Read Control RD is a data read signal. When Low, MPU read data from RA6963. Write Control WR is a data write signal. When Low, MPU write data into RA6963. Command/Data Select or Register Select This is a Data or Command select signal. C/ D I C/ D High Low WR = Low RD = Low Command Write Data Write Status Read Data Read CE I Chip Enable This s chip enable of RA6963. When MPU communicate with RA6963, this pin must be Low. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 6/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 5-2 LCD Driver Interface < Table 5-2 > Pin Name FR LP CDATA HSCP HOD I/O O O O O O Description Frame Latch Latch pulse for column driver. Shift clock pulse for Row Driver Synchronous Data Synchronous Data for Row Driver. Shift Clock Pulse Shift clock pulse for Column Driver in upper area of LCD. Data Output Data output for Odd Columns in upper area of LCD. Data Output SDSEL = High area of LCD. Data output for even columns in both upper and lower ED O SDSEL = Low LCD. Display On DSPON O Data output for columns in both upper and lower area of Display On/Off control signal. When HALT or RST is Low, DSPON output Low (LCD Display Off). 5-3 Memory Interface < Table 5-3 > Pin Name I/O Description Address Output for External Memory Data Bus for External Memory Memory Chip Enable MCE A[15:0] D[7:0] O I/O O MCE = Low Memory Enable. MRW O CE0 LOD O CE1 LSCP VDD GND O MCE = High Memory Disable. Memory Read/Write Control MRW = Low Memory Write Enable. MRW = High Memory Read Enable. Memory Chip Enable 0 If DUAL = High Chip enable pin for display memory in the address range 0000~07FFh. Serial data output for odd columns in lower area of If DUAL = Low LCD. Memory Chip Enable 1 If DUAL = High Chip enable pin for display memory in the address range 0800~0FFFh. Shift clock output for Column Driver in lower area of If DUAL = Low LCD. P P Power Ground RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 7/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 5-4 Misc. Interface < Table 5-4 > Pin Name DUAL I/O Description Scan Select DUAL = Low DUAL = High I Dual-Scan Mode. Signal-Scan Mode. LCD Size Selection One Screen: DUAL H L H H 2 16 H L H L 4 32 H L L H 6 48 H L L L 8 64 H H H H 10 80 H H H L 12 96 H H L H 14 112 H H L L 16 128 MDS MD1 MD0 Lines MDS MD[1:0] I V-Dots Two Screens: DUAL L L H H 4 32 L L H L 8 64 L L L H 12 96 L L L L 16 128 L H H H 20 160 L H H L 24 192 L H L H 28 224 L H L L 32 256 MDS MD1 MD0 Lines V-Dots X1 X2 I O Crystal Oscillator Input A crystal oscillator circuit is built in. The oscillation frequency is adjusted according to the display size. If using an external clock, use the X1 pin as the clock input. (X2 open.) External capacitors 15 to 20pF. Crystal Oscillator Output Font Selection FS[1:0] I FS0 FS1 Font Columns Selection H H 5X8 L H 6X8 H L 7X8 L L 8X8 MD[3:2] I MD2 MD3 Columns Data Transfer Mode H H 32 L H 40 H L 64 L L 80 SDSEL I SDSEL = Low Sending data by simple serial mode. Sending data by odd/even separtion mode. SDSEL = High RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 8/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller Halt Signal HALT I HALT = Low HALT = High Reset Signal Stop the Clock. Normal Mode. RA6963 will be reset. RST TEST[2 : 1] I I O RST = Low CH1, CH2 FONTSEL I RST = High Normal mode. RA6963 built-in a Pull-Hi resistor. Test Pins These are test pins. No need for connection(NC). Check Signals CGROM Font Select This pin is used to select the character of CGROM. Refer to Chapter 6-20. Please note, this pin is only reserved for die base chip only. Refer to Chapter 7-2. FONTSEL = Low Select default CGROM Font-01. FONTSEL = High Select default CGROM Font-02. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 9/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6. Functions Description 6-1 Functional Definition After power on, it is necessary to reset. The RST is kept Low between 5 clocks up (oscillation clock). When HALT = Low, the oscillation stops. The power supply for the LCD must be turned off, to protect the LCD from DC bias. The HALT function( HALT = Low) includes the RESET function( RST =Low). The column/line counter and display register are cleared by RST . (Other registers are not cleared.) Disable the display using the clear-display register The status must be checked before data or commands are sent. The MSB=0 status check must be done in particular. There is a possibility of erroneous operation due to a hard interrupt. STA0 and STA1 must be checked at the same time. When a command is executed, data transmission errors may occur. The RA6963 can only handle one byte per machine cycle (16 clocks). It is impossible to send more than two data in a machine cycle. When using a command with operand data, it important to send the data first, and then executes the command. The character fonts used by the RA6963 are different from ASCII codes. 6-2 State After RESET/HALT < Table 6-1 > Pins HALT RESET SD[7:0] D[7:0] MRW MCE Floating Floating Hi Hi (Note 1) Hi (Note 2) Hi (Note 1) Final data Low Low Hi Hi Low Low Low Hi Floating Floating Hi Hi (Note 1) Hi (Note 2) Hi (Note 1) Final data Low Low Hi Hi Test Signal Test Signal Low OSC Clock A[15:0] CE0 , CE1 ED, HOD HSCP LP CDATA FR CH1 CH2 DSPON X2 Note 1 :In Attribute mode, Hi or Low according to state of graphic pointer Note 2 :In Attribute mode, data to graphic pointer RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 10/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-3 Row / Column and Oscillation Clock The frequency of the crystal oscillator is adjusted by the following formula. fOSC fSCP fR M N : Frequency of oscillation : Frequency of shift clock (fSCP = fOSC / 2 ) : Frequency of Frame : Number of characters on one line (number of dots on one line =8M) For all font sizes (e.g. 7 x 8, 7 x 8, 5 x 8) the oscillation frequency remains constant. : Number of rows (Duty=1/8N) 8M x 8N= 1 fR fSCP fOSC = fR x 64 x 2 x M x N (fR = 60Hz) < Table 6-2 > Unit: MHz M N 32 40 64 80 Duty Upper 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0.492 0.983 0.983 1.966 1.475 2.949 1.966 3.932 2.458 4.915 2.949 5.898 3.440 6.881 3.932 7.864 0.614 1.229 1.229 2.458 1.843 3.685 2.458 4.915 3.072 6.144 3.686 7.373 4.300 8.601 4.915 9.830 0.983 1.966 1.966 3.932 2.949 5.898 3.932 7.864 4.915 9.830 5.898 11.776 6.881 13.763 7.864 15.729 1.229 2.458 2.458 4.915 3.688 7.372 4.915 9.830 6.144 12.288 7.373 14.746 8.602 17.203 9.830 19.660 Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower 1/16 1/32 1/48 1/64 1/80 1/96 1/112 1/128 Note 1: Upper Single-Scan. Lower Dual-Scan at fR = 60Hz RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 11/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-4 RAM Interface The external RAM is used to store display data (text, graphic and external CG data). With single-scan, text data, graphic data and external CG data can be freely allocated to the memory area (64 KB max). With dual-scan, LCD-I is allocated to 0000h to 7FFFh (32 KB max), LCD-II is allocated to 8000h to FFFFh (32-KB Max). Text data, graphic data and external CG data can be freely allocated in LCD-I. In LCD-II, the same addresses must be allocated as in LCD-I, except A15. A15 determines selection of LCD-I or LCD-II. It can be used the address-decoded signals CE0 (0000h to 07FFh), CE1 (0800h to 0FFFh) within 4 KB. CE0 and CE1 allow decoding of addresses in the ranges (0000h to 07FFh) and (0800h to 0FFFh) respectively within a 4-KB memory space. (Example) (1)Single-Scan 0000h (2) Dual-Scan 0000h Text Area 8000h Text Area BFFFh Graphic Area 77FFh CG RAM Area F7FFh FFFFh Graphic Area CG RAM Area Text 3FFFh Area 7FFFh 7FFFh Graphic Area F7FFh FFFFh CG RAM Area < Figure 6-1 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 12/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-5 Communications with MPU 6-5-1 Status Read A status check must be performed before data is read or written. Status Check The Status of RA6963 can be read from the data lines. < Table 6-3 > RD WR CS C/ D SD[7:0] L H L H Status Word The RA6963 status word format is as follows: MSB SD7 SD6 SD5 SD4 SD3 SD2 SD1 LSB SD0 STA7 STA6 STA5 STA4 STA3 STA2 STA1 STA0 < Table 6-4 > STA0 STA1 STA2 STA3 STA4 STA5 Check command execution capability Check data read/write capability Check Auto mode data read capability Check Auto mode data write capability Not used Check controller operation capability 0: Disable 1: Enable 0: Disable 1: Enable 0: Disable 1: Enable 0: Disable 1: Enable 0: Disable 1: Enable 0: No error STA6 Error flag. Used for Screen copy commands. 1: Error 0: Display off STA7 Check the blink condition 1: Normal display Note 1: It is necessary to check STA0 and STA1 at the same time. There is a possibility of erroneous operation due to a hardware interrupt. Note 2: For most modes STA0 /STA1 are used as a status check. Note 3: STA2 and STA3 are valid in Auto mode; STA0 and STA1 are invalid. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 13/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Status Checking Flow a) STATUS Dot Matrix LCD Controller b) AUTO MODE STATUS STA0=1 STA1=1 YES RETURN NO (*1) YES RETURN NO (*1) STA2=1 (Read) or STA3=1(Write) < Figure 6-2 > Note 4: When using the MSB=0 command, a Status Read must be performed. If a status check is not carried out, the RA6963 cannot operate normally, even after a delay time. The hardware interrupt occurs during the address calculation period (at the end of each line). If a MSB=0 command is sent to the RA6963 during this period, the RA6963 enters Wait status. If a status check is not carried out in this state before the next command is sent, there is the possibility that command or data will not be received. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 14/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 6-5-2 Setting Data Dot Matrix LCD Controller When using the RA6963, first set the data, then set the command. Procedure for Sending a Command a) The case of 1 data Send Command STA0, 1 b) The case of 2 data Send Command STA0, 1 Status Check Status Check Data Write Data Write Status Check Status Check Command Write Data Write END Status Check Command Write END < Figure 6-3 > Note: When sending more than two data, the last datum (or last two data) is valid. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 15/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 6-5-3 Command Definitions < Table 6-5 > Command Registers Setting Code 00100001 00100010 00100100 01000000 01000001 01000010 01000011 1000X000 1000X001 1000X011 1000X100 10000XXX 10001XXX 10010000 1001XX10 1001XX11 100101XX 100110XX 100111XX 10100000 10100001 10100010 10100011 10100100 10100101 10100110 10100111 11000000 11000001 11000010 11000011 11000100 11000101 10110000 10110001 10110010 11100000 11101000 11110XXX 11111XXX 1111X000 1111X001 1111X010 1111X011 1111X100 1111X101 1111X110 1111X111 11010000 D1 D2 Function Y address Set cursor pointer X address Set Offset Register 00h Data Low address High address Set Address pointer Low address High address Set Text Home Address Set Text Area 00h Columns Low address High address Set Graphic Home Address Set Graphic Area 00h Columns OR mode --EXOR mode --AND mode --Text Attribute mode --Internal CG ROM mode --External CG RAM mode --Display off --Cursor on, blink off --Cursor on, blink on --Text on, graphic off --Text off, graphic on --Text on, graphic on --1-line cursor --2-line cursor --3-line cursor --4-line cursor --5-line cursor --6-line cursor --7-line cursor --8-line cursor --Data Write and Increment ADP -Data Data Read and Increment ADP --Data Write and Decrement ADP -Data Data Read and Decrement ADP --Data Write and Non-variable ADP -Data Data Read and Non-variable ADP --Set Data Auto Write --Set Data Auto Read --Auto Reset ----Screen Peek Screen Copy Bit Reset --Bit Set --Bit 0 (LSB) --Bit 1 --Bit 2 --Bit 3 --Bit 4 --Bit 5 --Bit 6 --Bit 7 (MSB) --Data -Whole screen reverse Dot Matrix LCD Controller Set Control Word Mode Set Display Mode Cursor Pattern Select Data Read/Write Data auto Read/Write Screen Peek Screen Copy Bit Set/Reset Screen Reverse RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 16/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller Data Bit 0 0 : Normal 1 : Reverse If Frame = 60Hz Data Bit 2:0 000 : 0.066s 001 : 0.25s 010 : 0.5s (Default) 011 : 0.75s 100 : 1s 101 : 1.25s 110 : 1.5s 111 : 2s Data Bit 0 0 : Disable.(Default) 1 : Enable. Data Bit 1:0 00 : Do not care.(Default) 01 : Do not care. 10 : CGROM Font-01. 11 : CGROM Font-02. Blink Time 01010000 Data Don't care (Note) Cursor Auto Moving 01100000 01110000 Data Data Don't care (Note) Don't care (Note) CGROM Font Select Note In these functions, it must be sent two data before sending the command, but the contents of the second datum (D2) can be any values. 6-6 Setting Registers < Table 6-6 > Code Hex. Function D1 D2 00100001 00100010 00100100 21h 22h 24h Set Cursor Pointer Set Offset Register Set Address Pointer X-Adrs Data Low Adrs Y-Adrs 00h High Adrs 6-6-1 Set Cursor Pointer The X-Adrs and Y-Adrs specify the position of the cursor. The cursor position can only be moved by this command. Data read /write from the MPU never changes the cursor pointer. X-Adrs and YAdrs are specified as follows. X-Adrs Y-Adrs 00h to 4Fh (lower 7 bits are valid) 00h to 1Fh (lower 5 bits are valid) b) Dual-Scan X-Adrs 00h to 4Fh Y-Adrs 00h to 0Fh Upper Screen Y-Adrs 10h to 1Fh Lower Screen a) Single-Scan X-Adrs 00h to 4Fh Y-Adrs 00h to 0Fh RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 17/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 6-6-2 Set Offset Register Dot Matrix LCD Controller The offset register is used to determine the external character generator RAM area. The RA6963 has a 16-bit address bus as follows: MSB A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 LSB A0 Offset Register Data Character Code Line Scan RA6963 assign External character generator, when character code set 80h to FFh in using Internal character generator. Character code 00h to 80h assign External character generator, when External generator mode. The senior five bits define the start address in external memory of the CG RAM area. The next eight bits represent the character code of the character. In internal CG ROM mode, character Codes 00h to 7Fh represent the predefined "internal" CG ROM characters, and codes 80h to FFh Represent the user's own "external" characters. In external CG RAM mode, all 256 codes from 00h to FFh can be used to represent the user's own characters. The three least significant bits indicate one of the eight rows of eight dots that define the character's shape. The Relationship between Display RAM Address and Offset Register Offset Register Data 00000 00001 00010 CG RAM hex. Address (Start to End) 0000 to 07FFh 0800 to 0FFFh 1000 to 17FFh 11100 11101 11110 11111 (Example 1) Offset Register Character Code Character Generator RAM Start Address E000 to E7FFh E800 to EFFFh F000 to F7FFh F800 to FFFFh 02h 80h 0001 1 0100 4 0000 0 0000 0 h : : : : : : : (Address) 1400h 1401h 1402h 1403h 1404h 1405h 1406h 1407h (Data) 1Eh 11h 11h 1Eh 14h 12h 11h 00h < Figure 6-4 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 18/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller (Example 2) The relationship between Display RAM data and display characters (RAM Data) ABDEGH : : : : 21h 22h 83h 24h 25h 86h 27h 28h (Character) A B 11h D E 14h G H Display Character < Figure 6-5 > The "" and "" are displayed by character generator RAM. 6-6-3 Set Address Pointer The Set Address Pointer command is used to indicate the start address for writing to (or reading from) External RAM. The Flowchart for Set Address Pointer Command Set Address Pointer Status Check Set Address Data (Lower 8 bits) STA0, 1 Status check Set Address Data (Upper 8 bits) Status Check Set Command 24h Send Set Address Pointer command END < Figure 6-6 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 19/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-7 Set Control Word < Table 6-7 > Code Hex. Function D1 D2 01000000 01000001 01000010 01000011 40h 41h 42h 43h Set Text Home Address Set Text Area Set Graphic Home Address Set Graphic Area Low Address High Address Columns Columns 00h 00h Low Address High Address The home address and column size are defined by this command. 6-7-1 Set Text Home Address The starting address in the external display RAM for text display is defined by this command. The text home address indicates the leftmost and uppermost position. The Relationship between Display RAM Address and Display Position < Table 6-8 > TH TH + TA (TH + TA) + TA (TH + 2TA) + TA : : : : TH + (n-1) TA ......... ......... ......... ......... : : : : ......... TH + CL TH + TA + CL TH + 2TA + CL TH + 3TA + CL : : : : TH + (n-1) TA + CL TH: Text home address TA: Text area number (columns) CL: Columns are fixed by hardware (pin-programmable). (Example) Text Home Address Text Area MD2=H, MD3=H DUAL =H, MDS=L, MD0=L, MD1=H : 0000h : 0020h : 32 Columns : 4 Lines RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 20/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 < Table 6-9 > Dot Matrix LCD Controller 0000h 0020h 0040h 0060h 0001h 0021h 0041h 0061h ......... ......... ......... ......... 001Eh 003Eh 005Eh 007Eh 001Fh 002Fh 005Fh 007Fh 6-7-2 Set Graphic Home Address The starting address of the external display RAM used for graphic display is defined by this Command. The graphic home address indicates the leftmost and uppermost position. The Relationship between External Display RAM Address and Display Position < Table 6-10 > ......... GH GH + GA (GH + GA) + GA (GH + 2GA) + GA : : : : GH + (n-1) GA GH + CL GH + GA + CL GH + 2GA + CL GH + 3GA + CL : : : : GH + (n-1) GA + CL ......... ......... ......... : : : : ......... GH: Graphic Home Address GA: Graphic Area Number (columns) CL: Columns are fixed by hardware (pin-programmable). (Example) Graphic Home Address Graphic Area MD2=H, MD3=H DUAL =H, MDS=L, MD0=H, MD1=H : 0000h : 0020h : 32 columns : 2 lines RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 21/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 < Table 6-11 > Dot Matrix LCD Controller 0000h 0020h 0040h 0060h 0080h 00A0h 00C0h 00E0h 0100h 0120h 0140h 0160h 0180h 01A0h 01C0h 01E0h 0001h 0021h 0041h 0061h 0081h 00A1h 00C1h 00E1h 0101h 0121h 0141h 0161h 0181h 01A1h 01C1h 01E1h ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 001Eh 003Eh 005Eh 007Eh 009Eh 00BEh 00DEh 00FEh 011Eh 013Eh 015Eh 017Eh 019Eh 01BEh 01DEh 01FEh 001Fh 003Fh 005Fh 007Fh 009Fh 00BFh 00DFh 00FFh 011Fh 013Fh 015Fh 017Fh 019Fh 01BFh 01DFh 01FFh 6-7-3 Set Text Area The display columns are defined by the hardware setting. This command can be used adjust the columns of the display. (Example) LCD Size Text Home Address Text Area MD2=H, MD3=H DUAL =H , MDS =L, MD0= L, MD1=H < Table 6-12 > : 20 columns, 4 lines : 0000h : 0014h : 32 columns : 4 lines 0000 0014 0028 003C 0001 0015 0029 003D LCD ......... ......... ......... ......... 0013 0027 003B 004F 0014 0028 003C 0050 ......... ......... ......... ......... 001F 0033 0047 005B RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 22/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 6-7-4 Set Graphic Area Dot Matrix LCD Controller The display columns are defined by the hardware setting. This command can be used to adjust the columns of the graphic display. (Example) LCD Size Graphic Home Address Graphic Area MD2=H, MD3=H DUAL =H, MDS=L MD0=H, MD1=H : 20 columns, 2 lines : 0000h : 0014h : 32 columns : 2 lines < Table 6-13 > 0000 0014 0028 003C 0050 0064 0078 008C 00A0 00B4 00C8 00DC 00F0 0104 0128 013C 0001 0015 0029 003D 0051 0065 0079 008D 00A1 00B5 00C9 00DD 00F1 0105 0129 013D ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... LCD 0013 0027 003B 004F 0063 0077 008B 009F 00B3 00C7 00DB 00EF 0103 0127 013B 014F 0014 0028 003C 0050 0064 0078 008C 00A0 00B4 00C8 00DC 00F0 0104 0128 013C 0150 ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... 001F 0033 0047 005B 006F 0083 0097 00AB 00BF 00D3 00E7 00FD 011F 0123 0147 015B If the graphic area setting is set to match the desired number of columns on the LCD, the addressing scheme will be automatically modified so that the start address of each line equals the end address of the previous line +1. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 23/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-8 Mode Set < Table 6-14 > Code Function Operand 1000X000 1000X001 1000X011 1000X100 10000XXX 10001XXX X: Invalid OR Mode EXOR Mode AND Mode Text Attribute Mode Internal Character Generator Mode External Character Generator Mode The display mode is defined by this command. The display mode does not change until the next command is sent. The logical OR, EXOR, AND of text or graphic display can be displayed. In internal Character Generator mode, character codes 00h to 7Fh are assigned to the built-in Character generator ROM. The character codes 80h to FFh are automatically assigned to the external character generator RAM. (Example) Graphic Text "OR" "AND" "EXOR" < Figure 6-7 > Note: Attribute functions can only be applied to text display, since the attribute data is placed in the graphic RAM area. Attribute Function The attribute operations are Reverse display, Character blink, bold and Inhibit. The attribute data is written into the graphic area, which was defined by the Set Control word command. Only text display is possible in Attribute Function mode; graphic display is automatically disabled. However, the Display Mode command must be used to turn both Text and Graphic on that in order to for the Attribute function available. The attribute data for each character in the text area is written to the same address in the graphic area. The Attribute function is defined as follows. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 24/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller Attribute RAM 1byte X X: Invalid X X X d3 d2 d1 d0 < Table 6-15 > d3 d2 d1 d0 Function 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Normal Display Reverse Display Inhibit Display Blink of Normal Display Blink of Reverse Display Blink of Inhibit Display Bold Display Blink of Bold Display 6-9 Display Mode < Table 6-16 > Code Function Operand 10010000 1001XX10 1001XX11 100101XX 100110XX 100111XX X: Invalid Display off Cursor on, Blink off Cursor on, Blink on Text on, Graphic off Text off, Graphic on Text on, Graphic on 1 0 0 1 D3 D2 D1 D0 Cursor Blink Cursor Display Text Display Graphic Display on : 1, off : 0 on : 1, off : 0 on : 1, off : 0 on : 1, off : 0 Note: It is necessary to turn on "Text Display" and "Graphic Display" in the following cases. a) Combination of text /graphic display b) Attribute function RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 25/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-10 Cursor Pattern Select < Table 6-17 > Code Function Operand 10100000 10100001 10100010 10100011 10100100 10100101 10100110 10100111 1-line cursor 2-line cursor 3-line cursor 4-line cursor 5-line cursor 6-line cursor 7-line cursor 8-line cursor When cursor display is ON, this command selects the cursor pattern in the range 1 line to 8 lines. The cursor address is defined by the Cursor pointer Set command. 6-11 Data Auto Read/Write < Table 6-18 > Code Hex. Function Operand 10110000 10110001 10110010 B0h B1h B2h Set Data Auto Write Set Data Auto Read Auto Reset This command is convenient for sending a full screen of data from the external display RAM. After Setting Auto mode, a Data Write (or Read) command does not need sent between each datum. A Data Auto Write (or Read) command must be sent after a Set Address Pointer command. After this Command, the address pointer is automatically incremented by 1 after each datum. In Auto mode, the RA6963 cannot accept any other commands. The Auto Reset command must be sent to the RA6963 after all data has been sent, to clear Auto Mode. Note: A Status Check for Auto Mode STA2, STA3 should be checked between sending of each datum. Auto Reset should be performed after checking STA3=1 (STA2=1). Refer to the following flowchart. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 26/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller a) Auto Read mode A u to R e a d S ta rt S e t A d d re s s P o in t e r S ta tu s C h e c k 1 A u to R e a d B 1 h S ta tu s C h e c k 2 D a ta R e a d S ta tu s C h e c k 2 R e p e t it io n D a ta R e a d S ta tu s C h e c k 2 A u to re s e t B 2 h S T A 0 ,1 b) Auto Write mode A u t o W r it e S t a r t S e t A d d re s s P o in t e r S ta tu s C h e c k 1 A u t o W r it e B 0 h S ta tu s C h e c k 2 D a t a W r it e S ta tu s C h e c k 2 R e p e t it io n D a t a W r it e S ta tu s C h e c k 2 A u to R e s e t B 2 h S T A 0 ,1 STA2 STA3 END END S e t A d d r e s s P o in t e r S ta tu s C h e c k 1 S e t A d d re s s d a ta ( lo w e r 8 b it s ) S ta tu s C h e c k 1 S e t A d d re s s D a ta ( u p p e r 8 b it s ) S ta tu s C h e c k 1 S e t A d d re s s P o in t e r END S e n d S e t A d d r e s s P o in t e r Com m and S ta tu s C h e c k 1 S T A 0 ,1 NO STA0=1, STA1=1? YES RETURN NO STA2=1, (S T A 3 = 1 )? YES RETURN S ta tu s C h e c k 2 < Figure 6-8 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 27/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-12 Data Read/Write < Table 6-19 > Code Hex. Function Operand 11000000 11000001 11000010 11000011 11000100 11000101 C0h C1h C2h C3h C4h C5h Data Write and Increment ADP Data Read and Increment ADP Data Write and Decrement ADP Data Write and Decrement ADP Data Write and Non-variable ADP Data Read and Non-variable ADP Data Data Data This command is used for writing data from the MPU to external display RAM, and reading data from external display RAM. Data Write / Data Read should be executed after setting address using Set Address Pointer command, The address pointer can be automatically incremented or decremented using this command. Note: This command is necessary for each 1-byte datum. Refer to the following flowchart. Data Write Start Set Address Pointer (Example) Address Pointer=1000h Status Check 1 STA0, 1 Set Write Data (Example) Data = AAh Status Check 1 Data Write C0h AAh is written in 1000h Address. Address Pointer is 1001h END < Figure 6-9 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 28/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-13 Screen Peek < Table 6-20 > Code Hex. Function Operand 11100000 E0h Screen Peek This command is used to transfer 1 byte of displayed data to the data stack; this byte can be read from the MPU by data access. The logical combination of text and graphic display data on the LCD screen can be read by this command. The status (STA6) should be checked just after the Screen Peek command. If the address Determined by the Set Address Pointer command is not in the graphic area, this command is ignored and a status flag (STA6) is set. Refer to the following flowchart. Screen Peek Start Set Address Pointer Status Check 1 STA0, 1 Screen Peek E0h NO (*) YES Status Check 1 (*) Status Check STA6=0? Data Access END < Figure 6-10 > Note: This command is available when hardware column number and software column number are the same. Hardware column number is related to MD2 and MD3 setting. Software column number is related to Set Text Area and Set Graphic Area command. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 29/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-14 Screen Copy < Table 6-21 > Code Hex. Function Operand 11101000 E8h Screen Copy This command copies a single raster line of data to the graphic area. The start point must be set using the Set Address Pointer command. Note 1: If the attribute function is being used, this command is not available. (With Attribute data is graphic area data.) Note 2: With Dual-Scan, this command cannot be used (because the RA6963 cannot separate the upper screen data and lower screen data). Refer to the following flowchart. Screen Copy Start Set Address Pointer Status Check 1 STA0,1 Screen Copy E8h YES (*1) NO (*2) YES END NO (*1) Status check STA6=1 (*2) Status check STA0/1=1 < Figure 6-11 > Note: This command is available when hardware column number is the same. Hardware column number is related to MD2 and MD3 setting. Software column number is related to Set Text Area and Set Graphic Area command. RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 30/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-15 Bit Set/Reset < Table 6-22 > Code Function Operand 11110XXX 11111XXX 1111X000 1111X001 1111X010 1111X011 1111X100 1111X101 1111X110 1111X111 X: Invalid Bit Reset Bit Set Bit 0 (LSB) Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 (MSB) This command used to set or reset a bit of the byte specified by the address pointer. Only one bit can be set / reset at time. Refer to following flowchart. Bit Set / Reset Set Address Pointer Status Check 1 STA0, 1 Bit set (Reset) END < Figure 6-12 > RAiO TECHNOLOGY INC. 31/46 www.raio.com.tw RA6963 Preliminary Version 1.3 Dot Matrix LCD Controller 6-16 Screen Reverse Code Hex.
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